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Sima Xiangru (; c. 179117BC) was an ancient Chinese poet, writer, musician, and official who lived during the Western Han Dynasty. Sima is a significant figure in the history of Classical Chinese poetry, and is generally regarded as the greatest of all composers of Chinese ''fu'' rhapsodies. His poetry includes his invention or at least development of the ''fu'' form,〔Hawkes, 193〕 applying new metrical rhythms to the lines of poetry, which he mixed with lines of prose, and provided with several of what would in ensuing centuries become among a group of common set topics for this genre. He was also versatile enough to write in the ''Chu ci'' style, while it was enjoying a renaissance, and he also wrote lyrics in what would become known as the ''yuefu'' formal style. Musically, Sima Xiangru is known for mastery of the ''guqin''. ==Early life and career== Sima Xiangru was born in the commandery of Shu (modern Sichuan Province) in the early 2nd century BC. His birth year is generally given as 179BC, but other sources give it variously as 172, 171, or 169BC. Most sources agree that he was born in Chengdu, though the 19th-century scholar Wang Peixun proposed he may actually have been from Pengzhou (modern Peng'an County). Little is known of Sima's family and ancestry. His family may have been descended from Sima Cuo (; fl. 316–280BC), a Qin general who led Qin's invasion of Shu in the late 4th century BC. During his youth he is said to have been a studious child who read widely, and to have been a lover of swordsmanship. As a youth, Sima took the name "Xiangru" out of admiration for the Warring States period leader Lin Xiangru. Around 150BC, while in his twenties, Sima left his home in Shu and traveled to the imperial capital Chang'an, where he received a court appointment "by virtue of property", meaning he possessed at least 40,000 copper cash. He was made a mounted military attendant to Emperor Jing of Han, which was a low-ranking position but allowed Sima to accompany the emperor and the court on imperial excursions. Sima does not seem to have enjoyed this position, likely because Emperor Jing, and his mostly Legalist advisors, were known for their dislike of literary embellishment. In 149BC, Sima moved to Liang (modern northern Anhui, southern Shandong, northeastern Henan, centered around modern Shangqiu city) to become a guest scholar at the court of Liu Wu, Prince of Liang, Emperor Jing's younger brother. The prince's court already held a number of prominent literary men of the era, including Mei Sheng (; d. 141BC) and Zou Yang (; fl. 150BC). During this period, Sima began composition of his "''Fu'' on Sir Vacuous" (''Zixu fu'' 子虛賦), which later became the first half of his famous ''fu'' on the Shanglin imperial hunting park. Sima stayed in Liang until Prince Liu Wu's death in 143BC, after which he returned to his home area of Shu. Sima no longer had any money, and lived in a state of near poverty after returning home. His fortunes improved when he was taken on as a protégé of Wang Ji, the magistrate of Linqiong (modern Qionglai, Sichuan). Wang introduced Sima to Zhuo Wangsun (; fl. 140BC), a wealthy iron manufacturer, and Sima immediately fell in love with Zhuo's recently widowed daughter Zhuo Wenjun. In 142BC, the following year, Sima and Zhuo Wenjun eloped together. Sima's biography states that the couple supported themselves by running an ale shop until Zhuo's father was forced by public shame into recognizing their marriage, giving the couple 1,000,000 copper cash, 100 servants, and valuables from the dowry of Zhuo's first marriage. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sima Xiangru」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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